Can Eye Diseases Be Inherited from Family Members?
The saying “you have your mother’s eyes” may refer to more than just eye color. Eye diseases that are passed down through families can follow different genetic patterns, often caused by mutations in specific genes. Not all eye diseases are inherited but knowing your family history is one of the best tools for preventing or slowing down the progression of genetic eye diseases. If you know that an eye condition runs in your family, be sure to inform your eye doctor. At Skyline Vision Clinic, we encourage you to fill out your initial patient forms with as much detail and accuracy about your medical and family history, along with a comprehensive eye exam, to help detect problems early before they lead to significant vision disturbances or vision loss.
When it comes to inheritance, most people are hoping that means a little financial blessing coming their way, not a predisposed susceptibility for eye trouble. Inherited eye diseases are genetic conditions that are passed down through family genes. These diseases occur when specific gene mutations, alterations in the DNA sequence, affect the structure or function of the eyes, leading to vision problems or disorders. They can follow different inheritance patterns such as dominant, recessive or X-linked, and may manifest during birth, childhood or wait until later in life. Common examples include glaucoma, cataracts, macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, keratoconus, strabismus and amblyopia.
- Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve, often due to increased pressure in the eye. While anyone can develop glaucoma, those with a family history are at a higher risk, particularly for primary open angle glaucoma. Left untreated, it can lead to blindness.
- Cataracts, the clouding of the lens of the eye that causes blurred vision, are mostly associated with natural aging, with more than 90% of people aged 65 and older developing them. Genetic factors make some people more prone to early development. Congenital cataracts can also be passed down, affecting vision in infants.
- Age-Related Macular Degeneration is the leading cause of vision loss in older adults. Studies have shown a strong genetic component; this disease affects the macula, the part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision.
- Retinitis Pigmentosa is an inherited condition caused by mutations in one of more than 60 different genes that causes the gradual degeneration of the retina, leading to vision loss. Although a rare genetic eye disorder affecting 1 in 5,000 people worldwide, it usually starts with night blindness and progresses to peripheral vision loss, sometimes creating permanent blindness.
- Keratoconus is a progressive condition where the cornea thins and bulges into a cone shape, distorting vision. Often associated with frequent eye rubbing, gene mutations are believed to play a significant role in its development.
- Strabismus (misaligned eyes) and amblyopia (lazy eye) are influenced by genetics. Strabismus tends to run in families, with multiple genes involved that affects the development and coordination of the eye muscles. Children with a family history are at higher risk. Amblyopia, often a consequence of strabismus, usually presents because a parent or sibling has the same condition.
Early detection and awareness of family history are key in managing and treating inherited eye diseases. Because eye diseases can be inherited from family members, the more information you have at your disposal, the sooner you can get ahead of any potential conditions. As always, the best course of action is a comprehensive eye exam. Schedule yours today with Skyline Vision Clinic at 719-630-3937 or WEBSITE.